Tripwireを使ってみる

Tripwireを使ったことが無かったので、試してみることにしました。
CentOS6.5(64bit版)で試したときのメモです。

インストール


EPELリポジトリRPMパッケージがあるので、これを使用します。

# wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

# yum install tripwire
設定


「/etc/tripwire/tw.cfg」を修正します。初期設定から以下を修正しました。

LOOSEDIRECTORYCHECKING =true
REPORTLEVEL            =4


「tripwire-setup-keyfiles」コマンドを使い、サイトパスフレーズとローカルパスフレーズを入力します。
署名済みのポリシーファイル/設定ファイルも同時に作成されます。

# tripwire-setup-keyfiles

----------------------------------------------
The Tripwire site and local passphrases are used to sign a  variety  of
files, such as the configuration, policy, and database files.

Passphrases should be at least 8 characters in length and contain  both
letters and numbers.

See the Tripwire manual for more information.

----------------------------------------------
Creating key files...

(When selecting a passphrase, keep in mind that good passphrases typically
have upper and lower case letters, digits and punctuation marks, and are
at least 8 characters in length.)

Enter the site keyfile passphrase:
Verify the site keyfile passphrase:
Generating key (this may take several minutes)...Key generation complete.

(When selecting a passphrase, keep in mind that good passphrases typically
have upper and lower case letters, digits and punctuation marks, and are
at least 8 characters in length.)

Enter the local keyfile passphrase:
Verify the local keyfile passphrase:
Generating key (this may take several minutes)...Key generation complete.

----------------------------------------------
Signing configuration file...
Please enter your site passphrase: 
Wrote configuration file: /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg

A clear-text version of the Tripwire configuration file:
/etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt
has been preserved for your inspection.  It  is  recommended  that  you
move this file to a secure location and/or encrypt it in place (using a
tool such as GPG, for example) after you have examined it.


----------------------------------------------
Signing policy file...
Please enter your site passphrase: 
Wrote policy file: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol

A clear-text version of the Tripwire policy file:
/etc/tripwire/twpol.txt
has been preserved for  your  inspection.  This  implements  a  minimal
policy, intended only to test  essential  Tripwire  functionality.  You
should edit the policy file to  describe  your  system,  and  then  use
twadmin to generate a new signed copy of the Tripwire policy.

Once you have a satisfactory Tripwire policy file, you should move  the
clear-text version to a secure location  and/or  encrypt  it  in  place
(using a tool such as GPG, for example).

Now run "tripwire --init" to enter Database Initialization  Mode.  This
reads the policy file, generates a database based on its contents,  and
then cryptographically signs the resulting  database.  Options  can  be
entered on the command line to specify which policy, configuration, and
key files are used  to  create  the  database.  The  filename  for  the
database can be specified as well. If no  options  are  specified,  the
default values from the current configuration file are used.


データベースを初期化します。ポリシーファイルには設定されているが、実際には存在しないファイルがあるため、エラーが出ますが、今回は気にしないことにします。

# tripwire --init
Please enter your local passphrase: 
Parsing policy file: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol
Generating the database...
*** Processing Unix File System ***
### Warning: File system error.
### Filename: /dev/kmem
### \xe3\x81\x9d\xe3\x81\xae\xe3\x82\x88\xe3\x81\x86\xe3\x81\xaa\xe3\x83\x95\xe3\x82\xa1\xe3\x82\xa4\xe3\x83\xab\xe3\x82\x84\xe3\x83\x87\xe3\x82\xa3\xe3\x83\xac\xe3\x82\xaf\xe3\x83\x88\xe3\x83\xaa\xe3\x81\xaf\xe3\x81\x82\xe3\x82\x8a\xe3\x81\xbe\xe3\x81\x9b\xe3\x82\x93
### Continuing...
### Warning: File system error.
### Filename: /proc/ksyms
### \xe3\x81\x9d\xe3\x81\xae\xe3\x82\x88\xe3\x81\x86\xe3\x81\xaa\xe3\x83\x95\xe3\x82\xa1\xe3\x82\xa4\xe3\x83\xab\xe3\x82\x84\xe3\x83\x87\xe3\x82\xa3\xe3\x83\xac\xe3\x82\xaf\xe3\x83\x88\xe3\x83\xaa\xe3\x81\xaf\xe3\x81\x82\xe3\x82\x8a\xe3\x81\xbe\xe3\x81\x9b\xe3\x82\x93
(略)
### Continuing...
### Warning: File system error.
### Filename: /dev/initctl
### \xe3\x81\x9d\xe3\x81\xae\xe3\x82\x88\xe3\x81\x86\xe3\x81\xaa\xe3\x83\x95\xe3\x82\xa1\xe3\x82\xa4\xe3\x83\xab\xe3\x82\x84\xe3\x83\x87\xe3\x82\xa3\xe3\x83\xac\xe3\x82\xaf\xe3\x83\x88\xe3\x83\xaa\xe3\x81\xaf\xe3\x81\x82\xe3\x82\x8a\xe3\x81\xbe\xe3\x81\x9b\xe3\x82\x93
### Continuing...
Wrote database file: /var/lib/tripwire/localhost.localdomain.twd
The database was successfully generated.


実際にチェックしてみます。

# tripwire --check
Parsing policy file: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol
*** Processing Unix File System ***
Performing integrity check...
Wrote report file: /var/lib/tripwire/report/localhost.localdomain-20140113-153818.twr


Open Source Tripwire(R) 2.4.1 Integrity Check Report

Report generated by:          root
Report created on:            2014年01月13日 15時38分18秒
Database last updated on:     Never

===============================================================================
Report Summary:
===============================================================================

Host name:                    localhost.localdomain
Host IP address:              127.0.0.1
Host ID:                      None
Policy file used:             /etc/tripwire/tw.pol
Configuration file used:      /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg
Database file used:           /var/lib/tripwire/localhost.localdomain.twd
Command line used:            tripwire --check 

===============================================================================
Rule Summary: 
===============================================================================

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Section: Unix File System
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Rule Name                       Severity Level    Added    Removed  Modified 
  ---------                       --------------    -----    -------  -------- 
  Invariant Directories           66                0        0        0        
  Temporary directories           33                0        0        0        
* Tripwire Data Files             100               1        0        0        
  Critical devices                100               0        0        0        
  User binaries                   66                0        0        0        
  Tripwire Binaries               100               0        0        0        
  Critical configuration files    100               0        0        0        
  Libraries                       66                0        0        0        
  Operating System Utilities      100               0        0        0        
  Critical system boot files      100               0        0        0        
  File System and Disk Administraton Programs
                                  100               0        0        0        
  Kernel Administration Programs  100               0        0        0        
  Networking Programs             100               0        0        0        
  System Administration Programs  100               0        0        0        
  Hardware and Device Control Programs
                                  100               0        0        0        
  System Information Programs     100               0        0        0        
  Application Information Programs
                                  100               0        0        0        
  Shell Related Programs          100               0        0        0        
  Critical Utility Sym-Links      100               0        0        0        
  Shell Binaries                  100               0        0        0        
  System boot changes             100               0        0        0        
  OS executables and libraries    100               0        0        0        
  Security Control                100               0        0        0        
  Login Scripts                   100               0        0        0        
  Root config files               100               0        0        0        

Total objects scanned:  10625
Total violations found:  1

===============================================================================
Object Summary: 
===============================================================================

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Section: Unix File System
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule Name: Tripwire Data Files (/var/lib/tripwire)
Severity Level: 100
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Added:
"/var/lib/tripwire/localhost.localdomain.twd.bak"

===============================================================================
Error Report: 
===============================================================================

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Section: Unix File System
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.   File system error.
     Filename: /dev/kmem
     \xe3\x81\x9d\xe3\x81\xae\xe3\x82\x88\xe3\x81\x86\xe3\x81\xaa\xe3\x83\x95\xe3\x82\xa1\xe3\x82\xa4\xe3\x83\xab\xe3\x82\x84\xe3\x8
3\x87\xe3\x82\xa3\xe3\x83\xac\xe3\x82\xaf\xe3\x83\x88\xe3\x83\xaa\xe3\x81\xaf\xe3\x81\x82\xe3\x82\x8a\xe3\x81\xbe\xe3\x81\x9b\xe3\x8
2\x93
2.   File system error.
(略)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** End of report ***

Open Source Tripwire 2.4 Portions copyright 2000 Tripwire, Inc. Tripwire is a registered
trademark of Tripwire, Inc. This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY;
for details use --version. This is free software which may be redistributed
or modified only under certain conditions; see COPYING for details.
All rights reserved.
Integrity check complete.


レポートは「/var/lib/tripwire/report」以下に出力されます。
レポートを表示するには以下のようにします。

# tripwire -m -u -r localhost.localdomain-20140113-152620.twr
設定ファイル/キーファイルの移動


実運用を考えると、以下のファイルを移動する必要がありますね。

  • 設定ファイル
    • /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt
    • /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt
  • ローカルキー/サイトキー
  • /etc/tripwire/localhost.localdomain-local.key
  • /etc/tripwire/site.key


今日はこんなところで。